Intestine

The intestine is the part of the digestive system in vertebrates, that extends from the stomach to the anus and is divided into distinctive sections for handling the process of digestion and absorption of food and the elimination of waste.

In the adult human the intestine is divided into the small and large intestines. The small intestine is a tightly coiled, hollow tube about 5 m (16.4 ft) in length and made up of the duodenum, the jejunum, and ileum, in that order. The large intestines, which is also a coiled tube, is joined to the ileum at a region called the cecum, is about 1.5 m (5 ft) in length, and consist of the colon and rectum. The length and internal features of intestines are adaptations that provide extensive surface areas for efficiently digesting foods and absorbing the products.

Small Intestines
The duodenum in mammals is notable for its role in the Endocrine system because it produces such hormones as the following: cholecystokinin, which causes the Gallbladder to release bile, a substance that aids in the digestion of fat, secretin, which stimulates the pancreas to release digestive enzymes, and enterogastrone, which inhibits the secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach after the stomach contents have passed into the duodenum.

Large Intestine
The colon absorbs water and salts from the undigested residues and passes them into the blood stream. A too rapid passage of material through the colon does not permit adequate absorption of water and results in parrhea. Unusually slow passage, on the other hand, may lead to excessive removal of water and cause constipation.

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