Body Organs

The intestine is the part of the digestive system in vertebrates, that extends from the stomach to the anus and is divided into distinctive sections for handling the process of digestion and absorption of food and the elimination of waste. In the adult human the intestine is divided into the small and large intestines. The small intestine is a tightly coiled, hollow tube about 5 m (16.4 ft) in length and made up of the duodenum, the jejunum, and ileum, in that order. The large intestines, which is also a coiled tube, is joined to the ileum at a region called the cecum, is about 1.5 m (5 ft) in length, and consist of the colon and rectum. The length and internal features of intestines are adaptations that provide extensive surface areas for efficiently digesting foods and absorbing the products. Small Intestines The duodenum in mammals is notable for its role in the Endocrine system because it produces such hormones as the following: cholecystokinin, which causes the Gallbladder t...

Mouth and Esophagus are part of the digestion of food. Normally all the animals and humans eat the food through this digestive tract. Why expensive food is just feel by the tongue alone, many people said. This is because we only have the sense of taste on the tongue. The process of determining the food is not just lip service, which detects only the delicious or not. The food we eat first will go into the mouth which then becomes smooth due to be chewed by the teeth and help saliva produced by salivary glands. Chewing is an important process, with the release of the enzyme ptyalin by mouth; the starch is converted into sugar. For example, try chewing a piece of bread for a while, it will turn into sweet. Saliva, which contains antibodies that attack bacteria, viruses and toxins that may be contained in the foods we eat. Tips and apps: Chewing food slowly and pulverized will help absorption and food processing. By wetting the food by saliva, digestive juices would ease along the...

The skull is part of the skeleton , houses and protect the brain and the major sense organs.Important features include the nasal passages, containing the turbinals, which are delicate scrolls of paper thin bone, the orbits or eye sockets, the teeth bearing maxilla, or upper jaw, and mandible, or lower jaw, the zygomatic, arches, or cheekbones, the auditory bulla (in mammals), housing the bones of the middle ear; the formen magnum, a large opening through which the brain connects with the spinal cord; and mainly minute passage for nerves and blood vessels. The deep skull bones that develop from cartilage are known as endochondrial bones, the superficial bones, including those of the face, develop directly from connective tissue membrane and are called dermal bones, or membrane bones. Most human skull bones are united, often across a wavy sufure, by connective fibrous tissue; a few are united by cartilage. Primitive land vertebrates had more than 50 paired skull bones, only 26 of...

The human skeletal system is composed of individual bones and cartilage that receive a supply of blood and are held together by fibrous connective tissue, ligamens, and tendons. The three main fuctions of the skeletal system are protection, motion, and support. The system protect the body by enclosing the vital organs, it permits locomotion by responding at certain joints to the contractile activities of skeletal muscles, and it supports the body by serving as a framework to which tendons and fascia are attached, enabling skeletal muscles as a depot for calcium, which is vital to proper functioning of cell membranes, and for phosporus, which is needed in intermediary metabolism. In addition, the skeletal system is important because bone produce blood cells. A birth the human body has about 275 bones, but as the body develops many of these bones fuse together. In the adult human the skeleton consist of 206 name bearing bones and a variable number of largely unnamed sesamoid bones. Ses...

The Hand contains a total of 27 bones and is the most flexible part of the human skeleton. Like other higher primates, humans possess nails instead of claws and have a thumb that can be rotated to oppose the other digits, enabling them to manipulate objects delicately and precisely. Higher primates other than humans, however, also use hands for locomotion; the development of an upright posture and consequent use of the hands for manipulation alone probably took place concurrently with the increase in brain size in humans. Shown here are some of the major muscle and tendon systems for moving the bones of the thumb and other digits. The human foot differs from the feet of other higher primates in that it is used solely for locomotion, so that the big toe is no longer opposable to the other digits as it is in the great apes. Instead the bones of the feet have evolved in a way that enables humans to stride, and toes other than the big toe begin to show signs of degeneration. The heel bo...

Male and female human reproductive system develop from a similar set of embryological structures and many structural and functional parallels exist. Individual difference occur in the shape and structure of genitals, but without interfering with reproductive or sexual function. Also, the sexual anatomy of a young child differs from that of a mature adult, and in turn, adult sexual anatomy alters in the later years of life. Male Reproductive System The male reproductive system basically is designed to produce and transport sperm cells. At the same time, the male genitals play an obvious role in sexual behavior, because reproduction cannot take place unless sperm cells are deposited in the female reproductive system. The major organs of the male reproductive system are the testes (testicles), the prostate, the seminal vesicles, the vast deference, the epidermis, and the penis. Testes The testes, which are contained in a pouch of skin called the scrotum, are located outside of the ...

Hair are thin growths, that protrude like filaments from the skin of mammals. Different kinds of mammals range widely in their degree of harness. Some have dense growths called are only sparsely haired, such as elephants, and humans. A few mammals, such as the whale, are hairless except for a small number of bristles. Hair is now unique to mammals, although some lizards show hairlike growths, but it probably first appeared on extinct mammal-like reptile ancestors. Different kind of hair have different functions. Most obviously, the luxuriant furs of mammals in polar and temperate regions serve as body insulation. Insulating furs, often have two coats, a thicker underfur of fine hairs and a coarser cutter coat of guard hairs. More specialized hairs are also seen on many mammals, especially on the faces of carnivores and rodents . These hairs, called vibrissae, are surrounded at their base by sensory nerve fibers. They serve the animals as touch organs, helping them to measure their s...